First of all What are Automatic Watches?
They should be called Watches with an Automatic movement. Here is some historical information. 
* Perrelet
The Swiss watchmaker Abraham-Louis Perrelet invented a self-winding mechanism in 1770 for pocket watches. It worked on the same principle as a modern pedometer, and was designed to wind as the owner walked, using an oscillating weight inside the large watch that moved up and down. The Geneva Society of Arts reported in 1776 that fifteen minutes of walking was necessary to wind the watch sufficiently for eight days, and the following year reported that it was selling well.
* Breguet
Perrelet sold some of his watches to a contemporary watch making luminary, Abraham-Louis Breguet who improved upon the mechanism in his own version of the design, calling his watches “perpetuelles” the French word for perpetual and possibly the source for Rolex’s name for its automatic movements, the “Perpetual”.
* Harwood
Self winding mechanisms were more successful in wristwatches because the rotor could operate every time that the owner moved his or her arm. However the first version did not appear until the 20th century. It was invented by a watch repairer from the Isle of Man named John Harwood in 1923, who took out a UK patent with his financial backer, Harry Cutts, on 7 July 1923, and a corresponding Swiss patent on 16 October 1923. The Harwood system used a pivoting weight which swung as the wearer moved, and which in turn wound the mainspring. The ratchet mechanism only wound the mainspring when moving in one direction. The weight didn’t rotate a full 360°; spring bumpers limited its swing to about 180°, to encourage a back and forth motion. This early type of self-winding mechanism is now referred to as a ‘bumper’.
When fully wound, the watch would run for 12 hours autonomously. It did not have a conventional stem winder, so the hands were moved manually by rotating a bezel around the face of the watch. The watches were first produced with the help of fine Swiss watch manufacturer Fortis and went on sale in 1928 and 30,000 were made until the Harwood Self-Winding Watch Company collapsed in 1931 as a result of the Great Depression. ‘Bumper’ watches were the first commercially successful automatic watches; they were made by several high grade watch manufacturers during the 1930s and 1940s.
* Rolex
The Rolex Watch Company improved Harwood’s design in 1930 and used it as the basis for the Rolex Oyster Perpetual, in which the centrally mounted semi-circular weight could rotate through a full 360° rather than the 300° of the ‘bumper’ winder. Rolex’s version also increased the amount of energy stored in the mainspring, allowing it to run autonomously for up to 35 hours.
* Omega
Most mechanical watches sold today are automatic. A notable exception is the Omega Speedmaster Professional “Moonwatch”, the model first used by NASA astronauts during the Apollo Program, and which remains standard issue on all manned space flights.
* Patek Philippe
Because a manually wound wristwatch does not require the weighted rotor which is necessary for an automatic watch, some extremely fine watch companies, such as Patek Philippe, continue to design manually wound watches, which can achieve a case thickness as low as 1.77 millimeters.
